The time period refers to a particular class of kids’s leisure actions originating from or standard inside Korean tradition, usually involving partnered actions or duties. An occasion might be a paired rhythmic clapping recreation performed with particular lyrics and hand motions, showcasing coordination and teamwork.
These actions contribute to socialization, the event of motor expertise, and the transmission of cultural traditions from older to youthful generations. Traditionally, such pastimes offered very important communal experiences, fostering social bonds inside communities and providing a structured type of leisure earlier than the appearance of contemporary applied sciences.
Additional sections will element particular examples, analyze their pedagogical worth, and discover their potential integration into academic curricula. Furthermore, variations between variations of this sort of exercise throughout geographical areas inside Korea shall be thought-about.
1. Partnered Actions
Inside the wealthy tapestry of Korean childrens video games, the ingredient of partnered motion emerges not merely as a bodily exercise, however as a delicate choreography of social interplay and cultural transmission. It’s via these coordinated actions that younger contributors be taught to navigate relationships, perceive rhythm, and internalize the values of neighborhood.
-
Synchronized Steps and Shared Rhythms
Many conventional Korean kids’s video games require synchronized steps and shared rhythms, fostering a deep sense of cooperation. Think about a recreation the place two kids should hop in unison, their actions mirroring one another completely. If one falters, the sport is misplaced. This instills a necessity for attentiveness to ones companion and a dedication to collective success. Examples are ample in people traditions, every carrying variations reflecting regional id.
-
Mirroring Actions and Anticipation
Some video games contain mirroring actions, the place one baby leads and the opposite follows, creating a visible echo. This follow requires eager commentary and a capability to anticipate the companion’s subsequent transfer. It’s extra than simply imitation; it’s about understanding the intent behind the motion. This ability interprets past the sport, nurturing empathy and non-verbal communication, all delicate classes ingrained from a younger age.
-
Complementary Roles and Tasks
Partnered motion usually entails complementary roles, assigning distinct tasks to every participant. One baby is likely to be accountable for sustaining stability, whereas the opposite supplies directional steerage. This division of labor teaches kids to worth completely different ability units and to know how particular person contributions are very important for the general consequence. It’s a rudimentary lesson in teamwork and the distribution of experience that echoes inside Korean societal buildings.
-
Symbolic Gestures and Cultural Narratives
Past the bodily coordination, partnered motion can incorporate symbolic gestures and cultural narratives. The actions would possibly mimic points of farming, fishing, or different conventional actions, serving as a playful enactment of communal life. For instance, two kids would possibly simulate planting rice seedlings collectively, their coordinated actions visually representing the collaborative effort important to agriculture. This fuses bodily exercise with cultural schooling, making a holistic expertise.
The intricate dance of partnered motion in Korean kids’s video games exemplifies a profound interconnection between bodily exercise, social studying, and cultural preservation. These video games are excess of mere leisure; they characterize a robust device for shaping younger minds and transmitting the enduring values of Korean society. The actions themselves converse volumes, weaving a silent narrative of cooperation, respect, and cultural id.
2. Rhythmic Patterns
The center of many conventional Korean partnered kids’s video games beats to a rhythmic pulse. These patterns, whether or not spoken, clapped, or stepped, are usually not mere accompaniment; they’re integral to the expertise, dictating tempo, coordinating actions, and embedding cultural information inside the actions. Think about the enduring kids’s rhyme, ” ” (Three Bears). Whereas seemingly a easy track, its 4/4 time signature and repetitive construction lend themselves completely to synchronized clapping or stepping video games, usually performed between two companions. The rhythm establishes the foundations, dictates the pace of interplay, and even subtly encodes the emotional tone of the narrative. Absent the rhythm, the sport loses its cohesion, its playful rigidity, and its intrinsic hyperlink to a shared cultural understanding.
This rhythmic basis extends past easy songs. Many Korean partnered video games contain complicated hand-clapping sequences, the place every participant contributes to an intricate rhythmic tapestry. Success relies on precision and timing, on an nearly telepathic understanding between companions. These video games are a type of non-verbal communication, a dance of coordination that strengthens social bonds and sharpens cognitive expertise. In sensible phrases, the power to internalize and replicate these rhythmic patterns enhances reminiscence, improves focus, and fosters a deeper appreciation for the aesthetic qualities of Korean tradition. The problem lies in precisely executing these complicated sequences, demanding dedication and persistence from younger learners.
The pervasive affect of rhythmic patterns in these partnered video games underscores their significance in Korean cultural schooling. From easy counting rhymes to intricate hand-clapping sequences, rhythm supplies construction, reinforces social interplay, and transmits cultural information. Understanding this connection provides invaluable perception into the pedagogical worth of those video games, highlighting their potential to foster cognitive improvement, strengthen social bonds, and protect cultural heritage. The video games stand as a testomony to the facility of rhythm in shaping particular person expertise and collective id.
3. Social Interplay
The enjoying area, usually the village courtyard or a patch of earth beneath a beneficiant tree, transforms right into a microcosm of societal dynamics when conventional partnered Korean video games start. The air thickens with anticipation, laced with the silent understanding that these are usually not solitary pursuits. As a substitute, they’re cautious workout routines in negotiation, cooperation, and shared expertise, the place social interplay shouldn’t be merely a byproduct, however the very lifeblood of the exercise.
-
Negotiating Roles and Guidelines
Earlier than the clapping begins, earlier than the ft begin shifting in unison, a silent negotiation unfolds. Which baby will lead? How strictly will the foundations be enforced? These questions, usually unstated, necessitate a fragile dance of social cues and mutual settlement. Observe the tentative smiles, the shared glances, the delicate yielding to a extra assertive character. This isn’t arbitrary; it’s a coaching floor for management, compromise, and the artwork of navigating social hierarchies. The sport itself turns into a stage for working towards the intricate choreography of social order.
-
The Rhythm of Reciprocity
As the sport progresses, a special sort of interplay takes over: the rhythm of reciprocity. The kids clap in unison, mimicking one another’s actions with uncanny precision. If one falters, your complete sequence collapses. This isn’t merely about bodily coordination; it’s a few deep, nearly instinctive understanding of one another’s actions, a willingness to assist and be supported. The shared rhythm turns into a metaphor for the interconnectedness of the neighborhood, a reminder that particular person success is inextricably linked to collective effort.
-
The Language of Laughter and Assist
Errors are inevitable, and within the forgiving world of kids’s video games, they’re met not with condemnation, however with laughter and mild encouragement. A missed step, a fumbled clap, turns into a possibility for shared amusement and mutual assist. The opposite baby would possibly provide a serving to hand, a reassuring smile, a fast phrase of recommendation. That is how resilience is constructed, how empathy is cultivated, how the bonds of friendship are cast within the crucible of shared expertise. The language of the sport extends far past the spoken phrase; it encompasses your complete spectrum of human emotion.
-
The Legacy of Transmission
Lastly, contemplate the function of social interplay within the transmission of those video games throughout generations. Older kids usually tackle the accountability of educating youthful ones, patiently guiding them via the complicated steps and complicated rhythms. This act of mentorship shouldn’t be merely about passing on a set of expertise; it’s about sharing a cultural heritage, a way of belonging, and a connection to the previous. On this means, the video games turn into a automobile for social continuity, guaranteeing that the traditions and values of the neighborhood are preserved for future generations.
These small dramas performed out within the mud and daylight present a glimpse into the very important function of social interplay in these partnered Korean video games. The video games are usually not merely a supply of amusement; they’re a coaching floor for all times, a spot the place kids be taught to navigate the complexities of human relationships, to understand the worth of cooperation, and to know the significance of neighborhood. The video games function residing classes within the artwork of being human, taught via the playful language of motion and shared expertise.
4. Cultural Transmission
Within the coronary heart of each “jack and jill recreation korean” resides a delicate, but highly effective engine: cultural transmission. These seemingly easy actions function vessels, carrying traditions, values, and societal norms from one era to the subsequent. The video games are usually not merely diversions; they’re residing textbooks, etching cultural narratives into the minds and our bodies of younger contributors. This transmission is not a passive course of. Youngsters actively interact with these traditions, internalizing the teachings embedded inside the actions, rhythms, and social interactions.
Think about the clapping recreation, “” (Sonbyeok Chigi). Past the synchronized hand actions and catchy rhyme, it teaches cooperation, timing, and respect for elders. The act of clapping in unison requires kids to give attention to their companion, anticipate their actions, and alter their very own actions accordingly. A misstep or a lapse in focus disrupts the rhythm and impacts your complete group. This illustrates the interdependence of people inside a neighborhood. Furthermore, the rhymes usually comprise delicate ethical classes or historic references. These seemingly innocuous verses introduce kids to the tales and values that form their cultural id. By means of such actions, cultural values are transmitted in a memorable and fascinating format, shaping their world view and embedding a way of belonging.
The erosion of such video games threatens the continuity of Korean cultural heritage. In an more and more globalized world, the place kids are drawn to digital leisure and Westernized pastimes, the standard “jack and jill recreation korean” dangers changing into a relic of the previous. The loss would lengthen past a easy discount in play choices. These video games characterize a tangible connection to ancestral information, a possibility for intergenerational change, and a potent device for fostering a way of neighborhood. Recognizing the significance of cultural transmission inside “jack and jill recreation korean” is paramount for safeguarding Korean cultural heritage and guaranteeing that future generations stay related to their roots.
5. Motor Talent Growth
The narrative of childhood unfolds not simply in tales and classes, but in addition within the mastery of motion. Inside the vibrant sphere of Korean partnered kids’s video games, the event of motor expertise is not merely a contented coincidence; it’s a basic consequence. The intricate steps, synchronized claps, and coordinated leaps type a bodily curriculum, shaping coordination, stability, and dexterity. The significance of this bodily studying turns into strikingly clear when contemplating the developmental milestones it helps kids obtain.
-
High quality Motor Precision: The Artwork of Hand Clapping
Think about the fragile artwork of hand clapping video games. These aren’t merely rhythmic workout routines; they’re intricate dances of fingers and palms. A missed beat, a careless motion, disrupts the concord. By means of repetition and follow, kids refine their superb motor expertise, enhancing dexterity and management. Such precision interprets into on a regular basis duties writing, drawing, buttoning shirts laying the muse for tutorial and sensible success. Video games handed down via generations turn into brokers of ability constructing.
-
Gross Motor Coordination: Leaping and Twirling in Unison
Past the fingers, your complete physique engages in a symphony of motion. Video games involving leaps, twirls, and synchronized steps demand gross motor coordination. Sustaining stability whereas hopping on one foot, coordinating actions with a companion, and navigating spatial consciousness turn into vital. These actions strengthen core muscular tissues, enhance posture, and domesticate a way of bodily management. Think about a gaggle of kids, their laughter echoing as they try a posh sequence of leaps and turns. Every failed try, every stumble, is a lesson in resilience, constructing not simply bodily energy, but in addition psychological fortitude.
-
Spatial Consciousness: Navigating the Shared Area
The enjoying area, whether or not a dusty courtyard or a grassy area, turns into a laboratory for spatial consciousness. Youngsters be taught to navigate the shared area, avoiding collisions, sustaining distance, and anticipating the actions of their companions. This requires a relentless evaluation of their environment, a steady calculation of angles and trajectories. Such spatial intelligence extends past the sport, influencing navigation expertise, athletic efficiency, and even inventive expression. The flexibility to understand and work together with the setting turns into sharpened via playful engagement.
-
Rhythm and Timing: The Inside Metronome
Underlying all these actions is the basic ingredient of rhythm and timing. Youngsters be taught to internalize a metronome, coordinating their actions with a constant beat. This develops a way of musicality, enhancing their skill to observe patterns, predict sequences, and anticipate change. Rhythm and timing are usually not merely bodily expertise; they’re cognitive instruments that facilitate studying throughout disciplines. A baby with a powerful sense of rhythm is healthier geared up to be taught a brand new language, resolve mathematical issues, and recognize the great thing about artwork and music.
The connection between Korean partnered video games and motor ability improvement is plain. These video games provide a holistic strategy to studying, partaking kids bodily, mentally, and socially. They don’t seem to be merely relics of the previous; they’re invaluable instruments for shaping the long run, fostering a era of kids who are usually not solely bodily adept, but in addition socially conscious and culturally related. The clapping fingers and synchronized leaps converse volumes concerning the enduring energy of play.
6. Conventional songs
The hyperlink between conventional songs and partnered Korean video games exists as a symbiotic relationship, every ingredient enriching the opposite. Conventional songs provide the rhythmic construction and narrative content material that animates the video games, whereas the video games, in flip, perpetuate the songs, guaranteeing their survival throughout generations. These songs are usually not mere accompaniments; they’re integral parts, dictating the tempo, actions, and infrequently, the underlying ethical of the exercise. One such instance, the nursery rhyme “” (Mountain Rabbit), usually accompanies a partnered hopping recreation. The rhythm of the track dictates the pace and period of every hop, whereas the lyrics, although easy, foster a way of connection to nature. With out the track, the sport loses its cultural context and turns into a mere bodily train. This fusion of melody and movement ensures the preservation of linguistic nuances and cultural values, making these songs excess of easy tunes.
The influence of conventional songs extends past the instant recreation expertise. These melodies and lyrics usually comprise historic references, social commentaries, or ethical classes that contribute to a baby’s understanding of their cultural heritage. Think about the track, “” (Ganggangsullae), historically sung throughout Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving). Whereas not strictly a “jack and jill recreation,” its repetitive construction and round dance formation influenced the creation of partnered kids’s video games with related components. The track itself commemorates a historic victory and embodies themes of unity and resilience. By incorporating such songs into play, kids take up these values and narratives nearly unconsciously, growing a deeper appreciation for his or her cultural id. This understanding interprets to a extra knowledgeable perspective on societal norms and a stronger sense of neighborhood.
Preserving conventional songs, due to this fact, immediately safeguards the cultural essence of partnered Korean video games. The songs provide extra than simply catchy tunes; they provide an perception into the previous, a framework for social interplay, and a basis for ethical understanding. As modernization continues, actively selling and educating these songs alongside the video games turns into essential. The problem lies in adapting these traditions to attraction to fashionable audiences with out diluting their inherent worth. By acknowledging the potent hyperlink between track and recreation, it turns into attainable to perpetuate traditions and guarantee these important points of Korean childhood endure, strengthening cultural bonds inside the neighborhood and past.
7. Group Bonds
The previous lady remembered sun-drenched afternoons within the village sq., an area now paved and bustling with visitors. Again then, it pulsed with the laughter and rhythm of kids engaged in partnered video games. These weren’t simply diversions; they had been the threads weaving a tapestry of neighborhood. One such recreation, a clapping routine recognized solely to the village elders and the kids they mentored, required absolute synchronicity. A missed beat wasnt a failure, however a cue for collective correction, a lesson in interdependence etched not in textbooks, however in shared expertise. The trigger was the innate human want for connection; the impact, a neighborhood strengthened by shared cultural information and mutual assist. “jack and jill recreation korean” had been, and in some dwindling pockets nonetheless are, greater than the sum of their actions; they’re residing embodiments of communal id.
These video games offered a framework for social interplay, a structured setting for youngsters to barter roles, resolve conflicts, and construct empathy. The absence of formal management meant the kids needed to self-organize, a ability of vital significance. For instance, throughout the annual harvest pageant, the village kids would carry out a collection of partnered dances, every representing a stage of the agricultural cycle. The precision and coordination demanded hours of follow, fostering not solely motor expertise but in addition a deep appreciation for the collective effort required to maintain the neighborhood. The bonds cast in these rehearsals transcended age and familial ties, making a community of assist that prolonged into maturity. Villages the place these traditions persevered usually exhibited stronger social cohesion and a larger capability to reply to crises.
The disappearance of those video games represents a major loss, not simply of cultural heritage, however of important social infrastructure. The erosion of neighborhood bonds as a result of urbanization and modernization leaves a void that’s troublesome to fill. Understanding the profound connection between “jack and jill recreation korean” and the creation of social capital highlights the necessity to actively protect and promote these traditions. Failing to take action dangers severing the threads that bind communities collectively, leaving future generations disconnected from their previous and fewer geared up to navigate the challenges of a quickly altering world. The destiny of those video games is intrinsically linked to the destiny of the communities that birthed them, a stark reminder of the facility of play to form human connection.
8. Coordination workout routines
The village elder, his face etched with the tales of generations, usually remarked that the true measure of a neighborhood lay not in its harvests, however within the seamless coordination of its folks. He wasn’t talking of politics or economics, however of the delicate, usually missed realm of childhood play. He referred, particularly, to partnered Korean video games, the place synchronized actions and shared rhythms reworked mere kids right into a unified entire. The trigger was the need of collaborative play; the impact, an ingrained sense of coordination that prolonged far past the village sq.. These video games, these coordination workout routines disguised as amusement, had been the muse upon which a powerful and resilient neighborhood was constructed.
Think about the “Gonggi Noli,” usually involving exactly timed throws and catches requiring intense hand-eye synchronization. What seems to be mere dexterity belies deeper cognitive advantages. Every throw necessitates predicting trajectories, anticipating timings, and adjusting actions accordingly. Youngsters do not understand they’re honing their perceptual expertise; they consider they’re merely enjoying a recreation. But, these repeated actions imprint neurological pathways, enhancing reflexes and enhancing their capability to course of visible and spatial data. Comparable expertise are sharpened by one other recreation, the “stepping stone recreation”. As kids cross by stepping on stones, the kids assist one another. This reveals coordination workout routines assist kids to turn into conscious of the connection to others
The quiet disappearance of those video games, usually changed by solitary digital pursuits, represents a delicate but important erosion of important motor expertise. The implications lengthen past mere bodily aptitude. The flexibility to coordinate actions impacts tutorial efficiency, social interplay, and even emotional well-being. The understanding that these seemingly trivial “jack and jill recreation korean” are literally potent coordination workout routines highlights the necessity for acutely aware preservation and revitalization. The elder’s phrases echo with renewed urgency: a coordinated neighborhood is a thriving neighborhood, and the seeds of that coordination are sown within the playful actions of childhood.
9. Historic context
The echoes of bygone eras resonate inside the seemingly easy rhythms of partnered Korean video games. These actions, removed from being timeless amusements, bear the indelible marks of historic occasions, societal shifts, and evolving cultural values. Unraveling the historic context surrounding these video games reveals not simply their origins, but in addition their deeper significance as repositories of cultural reminiscence.
-
The Affect of Confucianism on Social Roles
Confucian beliefs, which deeply permeated Korean society for hundreds of years, profoundly formed the dynamics of partnered video games. The emphasis on hierarchy, respect for elders, and the significance of social concord discovered expression within the structured roles and prescribed behaviors inside these actions. Video games usually subtly strengthened the hierarchical relationships between older and youthful contributors, or between genders, reflecting the prevailing social norms of the time. The actions mirrored excellent societal roles.
-
Diversifications Throughout Intervals of hardship and Resilience
Occasions of hardship, reminiscent of intervals of struggle or famine, usually led to the difference and reinvention of conventional video games. Useful resource shortage might need prompted using available supplies, like stones or easy cloths, rather than elaborate toys. The themes of the video games might need shifted, reflecting a give attention to survival, cooperation, and the significance of neighborhood assist. The evolution illustrates the communities’ endurance.
-
The Impression of Modernization on Conventional Varieties
The inflow of Western tradition and the rise of contemporary know-how have had a major influence on conventional Korean video games. Lots of the video games have been tailored to suit inside fashionable life, with their authentic format being forgotten. The video games misplaced reputation and had been slowly forgotten.
-
Revival Efforts and the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Recognizing the worth of those video games as cultural artifacts, varied organizations and people have undertaken efforts to revive and protect them. These efforts embody documenting the foundations and variations of the video games, selling their inclusion in academic curricula, and organizing conventional recreation festivals. A way of cultural id is being preserved via acutely aware effort.
These historic sides reveal the multi-layered nature of partnered Korean video games. They don’t seem to be merely playful actions, however moderately residing embodiments of cultural reminiscence, reflecting the historic forces which have formed Korean society. Understanding this historic context provides depth and that means to the video games, remodeling them into invaluable instruments for cultural schooling and neighborhood constructing. The previous lady’s tales turned historical past classes.
Ceaselessly Requested Questions
Many are interested in Korean partnered video games. These regularly requested questions make clear the standard leisure actions usually referred to by the key phrase time period. Understanding these actions requires addressing widespread queries relating to their function, follow, and preservation.
Query 1: What precisely constitutes a “jack and jill recreation korean?”
The time period denotes a variety of leisure actions, predominantly loved by kids, that necessitate partnered participation and infrequently contain coordinated actions. A retired schoolteacher recalled the video games as very important parts of childhood improvement, fostering not simply bodily expertise but in addition social understanding.
Query 2: Why are these video games thought-about vital inside Korean tradition?
These video games function conduits for cultural transmission, instilling values of cooperation, respect, and neighborhood amongst younger contributors. Historians emphasize their function in preserving traditions and sustaining social cohesion throughout generations.
Query 3: How have these video games advanced over time?
The video games have tailored to societal modifications, influenced by elements reminiscent of urbanization and technological developments. Village elders lamented the decline in conventional types, changed by solitary digital pursuits.
Query 4: Are there regional variations within the forms of partnered video games performed?
Certainly, completely different areas of Korea boast distinctive variations, reflecting native customs and traditions. A cultural anthropologist documented these distinctions, highlighting the range of leisure practices throughout the peninsula.
Query 5: What efforts are being made to protect these conventional video games?
Numerous organizations are actively working to doc, promote, and revive these video games, guaranteeing their continued survival. Museum curators see the video games as invaluable cultural artifacts, worthy of preservation for future generations.
Query 6: The place can people be taught extra about particular examples of those partnered video games?
Assets embody tutorial publications, cultural establishments, and neighborhood organizations devoted to preserving Korean traditions. Libraries usually home collections of conventional songs and recreation descriptions, providing a wealth of data.
In abstract, Korean partnered video games characterize a major facet of cultural heritage, offering insights into societal values, historic context, and neighborhood bonds. Preservation efforts are essential for guaranteeing their continued survival and relevance.
The subsequent part will discover the pedagogical advantages of incorporating these video games into academic settings.
Navigating the World
Life, usually a solitary journey, presents moments the place partnership turns into paramount. Conventional Korean kids’s video games, regularly referred to by the key phrase time period, provide insights relevant far past the playground, whispering secrets and techniques of cooperation, adaptability, and resilience. These classes, distilled from generations of shared play, present a compass for navigating the complexities of interpersonal relationships and collective endeavors.
Tip 1: Embrace Rhythmic Synchronicity. The coordinated clapping video games train the facility of shared timing. In any partnership, whether or not skilled or private, discovering a shared rhythm enhances productiveness and deepens connection. A symphony orchestra provides an instance: Particular person skills mix right into a harmonious entire via adherence to a standard tempo.
Tip 2: Worth Complementary Roles. Some actions delegate distinct tasks. Observe how particular person skills complement one another to attain a unified function. A development crew showcases this: every employee makes a speciality of a particular space, however finally contributes to the completion of an total venture.
Tip 3: Adapt to Altering Rhythms. The video games present the gamers alter to modifications as time passes. Simply as climate change, folks and setting modifications as time passes. Being versatile is the important thing to all the pieces.
Tip 4: Domesticate Non-Verbal Communication. The short understanding between companions turns into the important thing to those video games. Studying cues and indicators that may exchange phrases is nice for fast understanding. This communication with out phrases prevents misunderstandings.
Tip 5: Rework Failure into Studying. Stumbling happens in each recreation, whether or not bodily or social. Youngsters be taught to rework these missteps into moments of laughter and collective decision. Enterprise environments and private interactions additionally train this idea.
Tip 6: Acknowledge Cultural Legacy. Every recreation carries tales of previous generations. Acknowledge the tales of individuals from the previous is to create one’s id.
Tip 7: Foster Spatial Intelligence. Mastering the playground is vital to these video games. It is very important grasp life as effectively. Mastering environment is vital to survival.
In essence, the talents honed by partnered Korean video games provide lasting advantages. Mastering these challenges provide nice worth for our lives
Having geared up oneself with classes that derive from Korean childhood play, maybe the time has come to see these expertise in motion.
Conclusion
The exploration of “jack and jill recreation korean” reveals greater than easy amusements; it uncovers a tapestry woven with threads of cultural transmission, social interplay, and motor ability improvement. From rhythmic clapping to synchronized steps, these video games type a bridge connecting generations, encoding values of cooperation and neighborhood. Their historic context illuminates societal shifts and the enduring energy of play. These are instruments that construct up the thoughts and the soul.
Because the solar units on the village courtyard, and the echoes of childhood laughter fade, a profound query stays: Will these video games, these very important expressions of Korean tradition, proceed to resonate within the hearts of future generations? The reply lies in acutely aware preservation, within the dedication to sharing these traditions, and in recognizing their enduring worth. In any other case, we face dropping all of the instruments for increase the thoughts and the soul.