Best Mark Twain Quotes About Marriage – & Wisdom


Best Mark Twain Quotes About Marriage - & Wisdom

The offered search time period refers to publicly out there sayings and writings attributed to a outstanding American creator, Samuel Clemens, concerning the establishment of matrimony. These sayings usually current a satirical or humorous perspective on the topic, reflecting the creator’s well-known wit and cynicism. An instance can be an announcement questioning the practicality or romanticism of long-term partnerships.

These sayings supply a novel lens via which to look at societal views on relationships and dedication throughout Clemens’ lifetime and past. Their enduring reputation lies of their means to impress thought and laughter, sparking discussions in regards to the complexities and contradictions inherent in marital unions. Traditionally, his views challenged idealized notions of marriage prevalent within the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The next dialogue will discover particular examples of those attributed statements, analyze their underlying themes, and think about their persevering with relevance in modern society. It can additionally look at how these pronouncements contribute to the creator’s broader literary legacy and repute as a social commentator.

1. Satire

The lifetime of a jest usually belies a severe intent. Concerning Clemens’s observations on matrimony, satire shouldn’t be merely a comedic veneer however quite the very skeleton upon which the witticisms are shaped. It’s the biting edge that transforms a easy quip right into a commentary on societal expectations and the human situation inside the bounds of wedlock. The humor arises not from mere silliness, however from a distortion, an exaggeration of actuality, that reveals truths usually too uncomfortable to confront immediately. Contemplate the occasion the place the financial realities of marriage are painted with broad, satirical strokes, turning the union right into a enterprise partnership the place love is however a fluctuating market commodity. This hyperbole, whereas amusing, serves to underscore the often-unspoken pragmatism that underlies even probably the most romanticized notions of marriage.

The significance of satire as a part of those pronouncements lies in its means to avoid defensiveness. A direct criticism of marriage may be dismissed because the ranting of a malcontent, however a satirical barb, delivered with humor, has the next chance of piercing the armor of preconceived notions. Clemens wielded satire as a surgeon wields a scalpel, making exact incisions to show the vulnerabilities and contradictions inside the establishment. These weren’t random assaults, however quite focused strikes at particular facets, such because the idealized roles of husband and spouse or the supposed permanence of the bond. By exaggerating these components to absurd ranges, he compelled readers to query their very own assumptions and biases.

In the end, the satire employed serves as a catalyst for introspection. It challenges the reader to maneuver past the surface-level amusement and to think about the deeper implications of the commentary. This understanding is especially related in modern society, the place marriage continues to evolve and the place conventional roles are being redefined. The satiric lens, honed by a grasp like Clemens, provides a beneficial instrument for navigating the complexities of relationships and for critically analyzing the societal pressures that proceed to form them.

2. Cynicism

A river carves its path not via light persuasion however via relentless drive, a relentless sporting away. Equally, a specific disposition’s affect on reflections about matrimony shouldn’t be one in every of candy affirmation, however a corrosive skepticism. It’s this very skepticism, this inherent disbelief within the unadulterated bliss usually related to the establishment, that offers the reflections their attribute edge. Contemplate the tales of the gold rush period, tales Samuel Clemens would have undoubtedly heard, the place vows had been damaged beneath the pressure of hardship and temptation. The stark distinction between the romantic splendid and the cruel actuality seemingly fueled a questioning of the very basis upon which marital happiness was supposedly constructed. Such experiences function a real-world illustration of how cynicism can emerge from observing the fragility of human dedication beneath strain. It’s from this fertile floor of doubt that his observations usually spring, presenting marriage not as a sacred union ordained by heaven, however as a human assemble, susceptible to flaws and contradictions.

The import of skepticism as a component inside these sayings lies in its energy to demystify. Conventional views usually cloaked matrimony in a veil of sanctity, rendering it proof against essential scrutiny. However the creator, armed with a skeptical eye, stripped away the layers of romantic phantasm, revealing the underlying energy dynamics, financial concerns, and sheer compromises that usually outlined the fact of married life. Look at the recurrent theme of home discord and perceived gendered imbalances inside relationships. Such pronouncements, removed from being mere complaints, act as social commentary, exposing the chasm between societal expectations and lived experiences. The sensible utility of this understanding lies in its potential to foster extra practical and trustworthy dialogue about marriage, shifting away from idealized portrayals and in direction of a extra nuanced appreciation of its inherent challenges and rewards.

The river, having carved its path, leaves behind a modified panorama. Equally, the cynical lens, when utilized to matrimony, ceaselessly alters the notion of the establishment. The reflections aren’t an endorsement of despair, however quite an invite to strategy marriage with eyes large open, cognizant of its potential pitfalls and dedicated to navigating them with honesty and resilience. The problem lies in embracing this realism with out succumbing to outright negativity, utilizing the knowledge gleaned from skepticism to construct stronger, extra genuine partnerships. Thus, whereas the sayings could typically sting with their pointed observations, they finally function a beneficial compass within the advanced terrain of human relationships.

3. Relationships

The currents of human connection run deep inside the literary tapestry woven from Samuel Clemenss observations on marriage. These currents, typically turbulent, typically placid, form the panorama of his pronouncements, revealing a posh interaction of expectation, actuality, and disillusionment. The essence of his reflections is rooted not in summary beliefs, however within the lived experiences of people navigating the intricate dynamics of matrimony. The exploration reveals a panorama of relatable challenges and enduring questions.

  • Energy Dynamics

    Contemplate a riverboat gambler, skillful at manipulating the percentages. Marriage, as Clemens usually depicted, was not a sport of probability, however one in every of refined energy performs. The distribution of affect, whether or not financial, emotional, or social, formed the contours of the connection. One associate would possibly maintain the purse strings, dictating the family’s monetary realities. One other would possibly wield emotional dominance, shaping the couple’s interactions via refined manipulation or overt calls for. The facility imbalance, as mirrored in attributed sayings, usually led to resentment and battle, remodeling the “sacred union” right into a battleground for management.

  • Communication Breakdown

    Like two ships passing within the evening, the figures in lots of of those marital eventualities wrestle to bridge the divide of confusion. One associate speaks of goals; the opposite of practicalities. One yearns for journey; the opposite seeks stability. This disconnect, born from differing values and expectations, festers over time, creating an unbridgeable chasm. The creator captured these communication breakdowns with sharp wit, highlighting the absurdity of two people, certain collectively by regulation, but unable to actually join on an emotional stage.

  • Evolving Expectations

    The frontier, with its shifting landscapes and evolving alternatives, serves as a metaphor for the ever-changing nature of relationships. The expectations positioned upon marriage in Clemens’s period, significantly these surrounding gender roles and societal standing, usually clashed with the realities of particular person aspirations. A girl would possibly yearn for independence, however be confined to the home sphere. A person would possibly attempt for achievement, however be burdened by the load of monetary accountability. These unmet expectations, as mirrored in attributed sayings, fueled discontent and resentment, eroding the muse of the connection.

  • The Elusive Nature of Love

    Gold, wanted with feverish depth, usually proved to be a mirage. Equally, the elusive nature of affection kinds a recurring theme within the examination. What begins as passionate infatuation can morph into obligation, resentment, or indifference. The creator, together with his trademark cynicism, questioned the very notion of unconditional love inside the confines of marriage, suggesting that self-interest and societal pressures usually performed a extra important position than real affection. The disillusionment with love, as portrayed in these sayings, serves as a cautionary story, reminding us that relationships require fixed nurturing and a sensible evaluation of 1’s personal motivations and needs.

These aspects, woven collectively, create a portrait of relationships as advanced, usually fraught with challenges, but finally defining facets of the human expertise. The sayings of Samuel Clemens, removed from providing simplistic options, present a lens via which to look at the intricate dynamics of energy, communication, expectation, and love that form the course of those connections. They’re echoes of a bygone period, but resonate with timeless truths in regards to the enduring struggles and enduring rewards of human relationships.

4. Dedication

The Mississippi River, a relentless presence in Clemens’s life and work, serves as an apt metaphor for dedication within the context of marriage. Its course, although seemingly immutable, is continually formed by exterior forces: floods, droughts, and the relentless present that erodes the banks. Equally, the pledges made on the altar, vows of unwavering devotion, are examined by the tides of life, by the inevitable storms of hardship, and by the sluggish, insidious creep of disillusionment. The phrases, attributed to Samuel Clemens, usually replicate this very rigidity the chasm between the idealized notion of lifelong dedication and the messy, unpredictable actuality of marital existence. Think about a newlywed couple setting out on a raft down the river, stuffed with optimism and goals. As they navigate the currents, they encounter snags, sandbars, and sudden squalls. The preliminary enthusiasm wanes, changed by the weariness of fixed effort, the frustration of unmet expectations, and the nagging doubt that they could have underestimated the journey’s challenges. This very wrestle, this questioning of the trail they’ve chosen, kinds the core of Clemens’s cynical, but insightful, commentary.

Contemplate the story of a frontier physician, certain by his Hippocratic Oath, tirelessly tending to the sick and injured, even within the face of overwhelming odds. His dedication to his occupation mirrors the marital dedication a promise to persevere, to honor a vow even when the trail is arduous and the rewards are scarce. But, the physician, just like the partner, shouldn’t be proof against human fallibility. He could succumb to fatigue, to temptation, to the siren name of a neater life. These failings, nonetheless, don’t essentially negate the preliminary dedication, however quite reveal the inherent fragility of human resolve. The worth lies not within the absence of doubt or wrestle, however within the acutely aware resolution to reaffirm the pledge, to decide on loyalty over comfort, to climate the storm collectively. The sayings of Clemens usually seize this inside battle, the push and pull between obligation and want, between the craving for freedom and the accountability to honor a promise. His observations don’t dismiss the significance of dedication, however quite drive a sensible reckoning with its inherent complexities.

In conclusion, the connection between Samuel Clemenss attributed marital observations and the idea of dedication is one in every of rigidity, scrutiny, and finally, a practical evaluation of its worth. The river of marriage, as he portrayed it, shouldn’t be a clean, uninterrupted circulate, however a journey fraught with challenges. The true check of dedication lies not within the absence of those challenges, however within the couple’s means to navigate them collectively, to adapt to the altering panorama, and to reaffirm their pledge within the face of adversity. Thus, Clemens’s cynical wit, removed from undermining the notion of dedication, serves as a name to strategy it with eyes large open, ready for the inevitable storms, and dedicated to weathering them collectively.

5. Humor

The Mississippi River, usually placid on the floor, hid treacherous currents and hidden snags. Equally, the reflections on matrimony, whereas usually delivered with a disarming levity, hid deeper observations in regards to the human situation and societal expectations. Humor, on this context, was not merely a comedic embellishment, however a potent instrument, a fastidiously crafted instrument wielded to dissect the complexities of long-term relationships. It was the sugar coating that allowed the viewers to swallow the bitter tablet of fact. The affect of humor acted as a defend and a sword. The defend deflected potential criticism, permitting the speaker to broach delicate topics with out inflicting undue offense. The sword pierced the veil of romantic idealism, exposing the underlying realities of energy dynamics, monetary anxieties, and the inevitable compromises that characterised the establishment.

Contemplate the touring medication exhibits of the period. A charismatic salesman, armed with jokes and tall tales, might persuade a skeptical viewers to buy doubtful cures. In a lot the identical approach, the humor served to have interaction the reader, to decrease their defenses, and to create a way of shared understanding. The chortle was not an finish in itself, however a way of building rapport and making ready the bottom for a extra profound contemplation. One can think about a bunch gathered on a porch, sharing tales and anecdotes in regards to the trials and tribulations of married life. The humor supplies a way of camaraderie, a recognition that they don’t seem to be alone of their struggles. It transforms a doubtlessly divisive subject right into a shared expertise, fostering a way of neighborhood and connection. The sensible significance lies in its means to spark conversations, to problem standard knowledge, and to advertise a extra practical understanding of the establishment. It serves as a reminder that even within the face of adversity, there may be all the time room for laughter, for perspective, and for a shared sense of humanity.

The humor ingredient endures. It isn’t merely about eliciting a chuckle. It serves as a vessel for social commentary, a way of difficult the established order, and a reminder that even probably the most sacred establishments aren’t proof against scrutiny. The problem lies in understanding the refined nuances of humor, in appreciating its energy to each entertain and enlighten. It’s a legacy of wit, a reminder that laughter generally is a highly effective drive for change, and a testomony to the enduring relevance of the reflections. Simply because the Mississippi continues to circulate, shaping the panorama round it, so too does the humor continues to resonate, difficult and provoking us to look at the complexities of human relationships with a essential eye and a wholesome dose of laughter.

6. Society

The societal backdrop in opposition to which Samuel Clemens penned his observations was a tapestry woven with threads of Victorian morality, nascent feminism, and the burgeoning industrial revolution. Marital expectations had been inflexible, dictated by class, gender, and spiritual doctrine. A girl’s sphere was the house, her obligation to nurture and obey. A person’s was to supply and defend. The “mark twain quotes about marriage,” nonetheless, usually served as a mirror reflecting the cracks on this seemingly stable facade, revealing the anxieties, hypocrisies, and simmering rebellions beneath the floor. The Mississippi, a freeway of commerce and cultural change, carried not solely items but additionally concepts. These new views, difficult conventional norms, seeped into the collective consciousness, influencing Clemens and offering fodder for his satirical pen. The establishment of matrimony, as soon as thought-about inviolable, grew to become a goal for his wit, a topic ripe for deconstruction.

Contemplate the case of the younger Eliza, a fictional character emblematic of her time, trapped in a loveless marriage organized for financial expediency. Her story, mirrored in numerous real-life conditions, illustrates the societal pressures that usually trumped particular person happiness. The pronouncements, attributed to Clemens, gave voice to Eliza’s unstated frustrations, to her eager for autonomy and self-expression. These sayings acted as a type of social critique, difficult the prevailing narrative and alluring readers to query the very foundations of the marital establishment. The sensible significance lies within the energy to foster empathy, to encourage a extra nuanced understanding of the struggles confronted by people caught between private needs and societal expectations. It’s this capability to humanize the summary ideas of marriage and societal norms that renders Clemens’s phrases so enduring.

The legacy endures. The societal panorama has modified dramatically since Clemens’s time, but the themes he explored stay related. The hunt for equality, the wrestle for particular person autonomy, the complexities of long-term dedication these are timeless issues. The problem lies in making use of the knowledge, to our modern context, to utilizing the wit and cynicism to navigate the complexities of contemporary relationships. The mark twain quotes about marriage supply not a blueprint for marital success, however a lens via which to look at our personal assumptions, biases, and expectations. They’re a reminder that marriage, like society itself, is a consistently evolving assemble, formed by the forces of historical past, tradition, and particular person company. To have interaction with these sayings is to have interaction with a dialog that continues to unfold, a dialog that invitations us to query, to problem, and to finally, attempt for a extra equitable and fulfilling union.

7. Commentary

The keenness of eye, the meticulous gathering of element, shaped the bedrock upon which Clemens crafted his enduring social commentary. The “mark twain quotes about marriage” weren’t born from summary theorizing, however from cautious scrutiny of human conduct, from the whispered conversations overheard on riverboats to the societal dramas performed out in parlors and city squares. The establishment of matrimony, with its inherent contradictions and often-unspoken energy dynamics, offered fertile floor for his discerning gaze. The trigger lies inside the social atmosphere of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a interval marked by inflexible societal expectations and evolving gender roles. The impact manifested in sharp, witty pronouncements that uncovered the chasm between idealized notions of marriage and the often-harsh realities of home life. One can think about Clemens, pocket book in hand, observing a strained interplay between a husband and spouse, the refined cues of resentment masked by well mannered dialog. These minute particulars, painstakingly collected, would later be reworked right into a pithy saying that captured the essence of marital discord. The cautious, unvarnished commentary gave rise to the quote.

The significance of astute notion inside these sayings lies of their inherent relatability. They resonated then, and proceed to resonate now, as a result of they replicate truths which might be universally skilled, but usually left unsaid. A wedding, for instance, outwardly showing harmonious would possibly harbor unstated resentments fueled by unequal labor distribution. The “mark twain quotes about marriage” illuminated these shadowed corners, giving voice to the silent frustrations of numerous people. The sensible utility of this understanding lies in its potential to foster larger self-awareness and empathy inside relationships. By recognizing the patterns and pitfalls that Clemens noticed, people can higher navigate the complexities of long-term partnerships. Furthermore, these observations function a historic report, offering insights into the societal pressures and expectations that formed the lives of those that got here earlier than.

In the end, the connection lies inside the insightful articulation of noticed societal norms of the day and the best way Samuel Clemens wove into his works. It’s a testomony to the facility of commentary as a instrument for social commentary, for revealing the truths that lie hidden beneath the floor of well mannered society. The problem lies in sustaining this essential perspective, in resisting the urge to romanticize the previous or to dismiss the struggles of earlier generations. It’s a reminder that the establishment of matrimony, like society itself, is a piece in progress, consistently evolving, and requiring fixed vigilance. The mark twain quotes about marriage, born from eager commentary, function a timeless reminder of this ongoing journey.

8. Custom

The mighty Mississippi, a relentless companion to Samuel Clemens, flowed not simply with water however with the currents of custom, shaping the panorama of his world and, consequently, the lens via which he considered matrimony. These time-honored customs, usually unstated but powerfully enforced, dictated the roles of husband and spouse, the expectations surrounding courtship, and the very function of the union. They had been the invisible chains that certain people to societal norms, at the same time as they yearned for private freedom. The prevailing idea positioned girls within the residence and males at work. Romance was secondary. The “mark twain quotes about marriage” usually served as a refined rise up in opposition to these deeply entrenched traditions, a playful but pointed critique of the constraints they imposed. The trigger was societal strain. The impact was intelligent wit.

The significance of custom as a part of those pronouncements can’t be overstated. Contemplate the customized of organized marriages, nonetheless prevalent in some corners of society throughout Clemens’s time. A younger lady, with little say within the matter, may be betrothed to a person she barely knew, solely for the sake of household alliances or financial acquire. The “mark twain quotes about marriage” ridiculed the notion of affection blossoming beneath such circumstances, exposing the hypocrisy of a system that prioritized social standing over particular person happiness. Additional, traditions a few lady’s position within the household, and the societal disgrace and strain for her to stay in her place, made breaking away from this custom a uncommon occasion. In a real-life instance, one can think about a frontier lady, craving for independence, pressured to evolve to the expectations of domesticity, her aspirations stifled by societal norms. The traditions of the time performed a major position in her selection, and it could be in these observations that Samuel Clemens would kind his quotes.

In abstract, the examination between custom and marital sayings reveals a fragile steadiness. These pronouncements underscore the facility of custom to form particular person lives, the best way these traditions have an effect on relationships, and the enduring human want for autonomy. The problem stays reconcile the knowledge of the previous with the aspirations of the current, to honor custom with out sacrificing particular person freedom, and to forge relationships which might be each rooted in historical past and aware of the evolving wants of up to date society.”mark twain quotes about marriage” provides a timeless reminder of this ongoing negotiation.

Steadily Requested Questions

The physique of witticisms attributed to the celebrated creator elicits quite a few queries. This compilation addresses generally held issues and misinterpretations, offering readability inside the context of his period and literary type.

Query 1: Is it correct to characterize all pronouncements about wedlock attributed to Samuel Clemens as unequivocally cynical?

The portrayal of Clemens as solely a cynic concerning marital unions presents an oversimplification. Whereas a discernible thread of skepticism undoubtedly runs via many attributed statements, it’s essential to acknowledge the presence of nuanced observations that replicate the complexities of human relationships. Nuance exists with the satire.

Query 2: Did Samuel Clemens’ private experiences immediately affect the content material and tone of his pronouncements on matrimony?

Whereas a definitive correlation between Clemens’s private life and the attributed sayings stays speculative, his lived experiences, together with his marriage and observations of societal norms, undoubtedly performed a job in shaping his views. Private occasions undoubtedly left a mark, influencing the topic and magnificence of his pronouncements.

Query 3: Are the sayings concerning marriage appropriate for modern audiences, contemplating the numerous shifts in societal norms?

Regardless of evolving societal landscapes, the attributed statements on marriage proceed to resonate with modern audiences as a consequence of their exploration of putting up with themes similar to communication breakdown, energy dynamics, and the pursuit of achievement inside relationships. There are related quotes within the fashionable age.

Query 4: How can these sayings be utilized to foster extra productive discussions about marriage and relationships?

The attributed sayings, when approached thoughtfully, can function catalysts for trustworthy and introspective conversations about marriage and relationships, prompting people to critically look at their expectations, biases, and communication patterns. Considerate use can foster conversations.

Query 5: Is it applicable to interpret these sayings as definitive statements of fact concerning the establishment of marriage?

The attributed sayings, whereas insightful and thought-provoking, shouldn’t be construed as absolute truths. Reasonably, they symbolize a specific perspective, filtered via the lens of satire and societal commentary. Nuance exists, and fact shouldn’t be assured.

Query 6: What’s the lasting significance of the reflections on marriage attributed to Samuel Clemens?

The enduring legacy of those utterances lies of their means to problem standard knowledge, spark dialogue, and supply a novel perspective on the complexities of human relationships, contributing to a richer understanding of the establishment of marriage. His work sparks dialogue and creates understanding.

In summation, whereas skepticism and humor could permeate the sayings, additionally they supply a beneficial alternative for reflection and dialogue in regards to the enduring complexities of human relationships.

The next part will delve into sensible purposes of the knowledge gleaned from these timeless observations.

Navigating the Murky Waters

The Mississippi River, a treacherous however navigable artery, demanded respect and cautious navigation. So, too, does the river of matrimony, as illuminated by the observations attributed to Samuel Clemens. The journey requires a transparent understanding of the currents, the hidden snags, and the ever-shifting banks.

Tip 1: Embrace a Clear-Eyed Perspective: Don’t strategy matrimony with blinders of romantic idealism. The creator’s pronouncements function a reminder to acknowledge the inherent challenges and potential pitfalls of long-term dedication. Acknowledge, as Clemens seemingly noticed, that keenness fades, and pragmatism usually takes its place.

Tip 2: Grasp the Artwork of Communication: Many marital disputes stem from miscommunication and unstated resentments. Be taught to articulate wants and expectations with honesty and readability. Search to actually perceive the associate’s perspective, even when disagreements come up. Recall, as Clemens steered, that two people can converse the identical language, but stay worlds aside.

Tip 3: Acknowledge Energy Dynamics: In each relationship, an influence dynamic exists, whether or not overt or refined. Acknowledge and deal with these imbalances, striving for a extra equitable distribution of affect. Perceive, as Clemens might need famous, that resentment festers when one associate feels persistently disempowered.

Tip 4: Domesticate Unbiased Identities: Keep a way of self exterior the confines of the wedding. Pursue particular person pursuits, nurture friendships, and safeguard private autonomy. As Clemens’s characters usually demonstrated, stifled individuality can result in discontent and a craving for escape.

Tip 5: Develop a Sense of Humor: Laughter generally is a highly effective instrument for diffusing rigidity and sustaining perspective. Be taught to chortle at shared absurdities and to forgive minor transgressions. Recall that the humor was used to dissect society, and have the ability to chortle at your self and the world round you.

Tip 6: Perceive the Evolving Nature of Dedication: The vows made on the altar aren’t static pronouncements however quite a place to begin for an ongoing journey. Be ready to adapt to altering circumstances, to renegotiate expectations, and to reaffirm the dedication within the face of adversity. Know issues will change.

Tip 7: Mood Expectations with Actuality: The establishment shouldn’t be a fairy story, however it will possibly nonetheless be a satisfying dedication. Keep in mind the teachings and know it can by no means be excellent, however you may make it work. Clemens was cynical, however practical.

By embracing these rules, derived from the observations attributed to Samuel Clemens, one can navigate the river of matrimony with larger consciousness, resilience, and a wholesome dose of realism. The journey is not going to be with out its challenges, however with cautious navigation, the vacation spot may be nicely well worth the effort.

The next part will convey the article to a detailed.

The River Rolls On

The present exploration has charted a course via the panorama of pronouncements, attributed to Samuel Clemens, regarding the establishment of wedlock. From the satirical barbs aimed toward societal expectations to the cynical observations on dedication, the journey has revealed a posh and nuanced perspective. The journey additionally took into consideration the historical past and the social affect. The core themes of relationships, humor, commentary, and custom function landmarks alongside this river, guiding us towards a extra complete understanding of Clemens’s enduring social commentary.

The Mississippi, that fixed companion, continues its relentless circulate. The establishment of marriage, equally, persists regardless of the altering tides of societal norms and particular person aspirations. To replicate upon Clemens’s phrases is to not embrace despair, however quite to strategy this journey with open eyes, armed with humor, and dedicated to navigating the complexities of human reference to honesty and resilience. Let the spirit of the creator’s insightful observations function a compass, guiding us in direction of extra fulfilling and genuine partnerships, even because the river rolls on.

Leave a Comment

close
close